This is pasted from graphicsPUSH and is not original material, but I have found this works very well when using 72dpi images that need to be converted to higher resolutions. I use this process to capture screens shots for print materials.
Also, if you do not have CS2 Illustrator. You can use Photoshop to increase the resolution, as you know, but don't use 300 dpi. Instead, try using whole number multipliers. i.e. 72 * 4 = 288, instead of 72 * 4.16(repeating 6) = 300
*As a tip, you can usually crop or select the area from a Photoshop doc and just paste it straight into Illustrator.*
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graphicPUSH: Capturing and Optimizing Screenshots for Print
Dan Blaker
wrote the following on Thursday December 14, 2006
Live Trace in Illustrator CS2 is much faster at tracing than Flash 8, and you can get the exact same results. Here’s my simplified screenshot-to-print workflow, based on the great ideas in this article:
1. Send a screenshot to the clipboard using one of many techniques. In OS X, I use Cmd + Shift + 4 and hold down the Control key (as described in the previous comment). In Windows, I use a great freeware utility called MWSnap.
2. Launch Adobe Illustrator CS2.
3. Create a new document, in CMYK mode. The artboard size should automatically match the size of the screenshot on the clipboard.
4. Paste the screenshot. (Color mode is converted automatically.)
5. From the ‘Object’ menu, choose ‘Live Trace’ > ‘Tracing Options…’. Use the following settings:
Mode: Color
Max Colors: 256
Blur: 0 px
Path Fitting: 0 px
Minimum Area: 1 px
Corner Area: 90
Because Live Trace doesn’t have the pixel-level ‘Curve Fit’ setting, the resulting vector ‘pixels’ will not be uniformly square. So we have to fix that.
6. From ‘Object’ menu, choose ‘Expand…’ and use the defaults settings. This converts the Live Trace to standard Illustrator paths so you can edit them.
(optional)
7. From ‘Object’ menu, choose ‘Paths’ > ‘Simplify’. Check the ‘Straight Lines’ checkbox and set the Angle Threshold to 0. Click ‘OK’ and you’re done!